week eleven

LECTURE

Datum: A fact or propositions which have their own limited value, but can built into information. Examples: sampled data e.g. price measured data e.g. census data.
Information: a collection of facts or data that relate to each other. Example: Records: e.g. Budgets, Historical Information e.g. census data.
Knowledge: the sum of range of what has been perceived discovered or learned. Example: white papers, marketing strategies.

Characteristics of Data
- Factual
- Non-judgemental & inferential
- Transient
- Has no Intrinsic “meaning”
- Has no Intrinsic “value”

Characteristics of Information
- Summative
- Relational
- Dimensional
- Permanent
- Has meaning
- Uncertain value

Characteristics of Knowledge
- Inferential
- Experiential
- Judgmental
- Subjective
- Very valuable
Importance
Data is quantitative collection which is valid and unbiased

Information
Always meaningful.
Most inform
Must be related to the data.

Knowledge
Always clear from its origin
Have logical conclusion
Have explanation from the data and information.

Relationships
Data are individual facts or propositions, on their own of limited value, but can build into information. Information is a collection of facts (data) that set a trends and precedents in order to generate.

Knowledge is the application of human experience and wisdom on information in order to make sense of it. Data, information and knowledge are connected in steps. It works like a food chain where when one is missing the other can’t continue without it. This mean, data is raw and information is data that is meaningful and useful and final knowledge is the appropriate


TUTORIAL

a,Based on your research, define data, information, knowledge and wisdom.

Data is a fact or propositions which have their own limited value, but can built into information.
information is a collection of facts or data that relate to each other.
knowledge is the sum of range of what has been perceived discovered or learned.
wisdom is experience and knowledge together with the power of applying them critically or practically.

b.How can the understanding of the relationship between data, information and knowledge assist your university study?

the relationship between data,information and knowledge is that,data is the raw material,collection of data addressing one main point or relate together form information,and when this information become meaningfull,this is what we call knowledge.


Reading 1 Summary: http://www.systems-thinking.org/dikw/dikw.htm

According to Russell Ackoff, a systems theorist and professor of organizational change, the content of the human mind can be classified into five categories:
1. Data: symbols
2. Information: data that are processed to be useful; provides answers to "who", "what", "where", and "when" questions
3. Knowledge: application of data and information; answers "how" questions
4. Understanding: appreciation of "why"
5. Wisdom: evaluated understanding.
(Bellinger et al., 2004)

Ackoff indicates that “the first four categories relate to the past; they deal with what has been or what is known. Only the fifth category, wisdom, deals with the future because it incorporates vision and design. With wisdom, people can create the future rather than just grasp the present and past. But achieving wisdom isn't easy; people must move successively through the other categories”

Data is defined as the raw material which can exist in many forms and not meaningful. Information is defined as a collection of data that have meaning and may be connected relationally, and finally knowledge is defined as the appropriate collection of information which is useful.

Reading 2 Summary: http://otec.uoregon.edu/data-wisdom.htm

Reading two is basically a tutorial which is designed to practice a pre-test or test your knowledge. The site is composed of lessons and quizzes which help to complete the assignments. The information on this site is very useful in many ways. Example is the pre-test which was designed to assessing the individual knowledge before you begin the tutorial.
http://camellia.sch.edu/literacy/index.html